Impact breaker

ABSTRACT

A pair of impellers are mounted in a housing for rotation about substantially parallel horizontal axes on which one is located at a level below the other. The impellers have circumferences which define with one another a gap extending longitudinally of the axes of rotation and an anvil member of wedge-shaped crosssection is located at least in part in this gap at a side of an axial plane passing through these axes which is located downstream of this plane as seen with respect to the direction of rotation of the impellers. Material to be crushed which is carried along by the impellers into the gap thus impacts on the anvil member and becomes further crushed.

United States Patent 1191 Oznibichine 1 51 Apr. 10, 1973 [541 IMPACT BREAKER [75] Inventor:

[73] Assignee: Hazemag Hartzerkleinerungs und Zement Maschinenbau GmbH, Munster, Germany [22] Filed: May 5, 1971 [21] Appl. No.: 140,476

Nicolas Oznibichine, Paris, France [30] Foreign Application Priority Data May 5, 1970 France ..70l6400 52 US. Cl. ..241/32, 241/154, 241/187, 7 1 241/189 R 51 Int. Cl. ..B02 13/20, B02c 25/00 [58 Field of Search ..241/32, 138, 154, 241/186 R, 187, 189 R, 239, 275, 287, 289,

[56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 7/1953 west ..241/154 l2/l930 Borton ..24l/239 X 7/1963 Allen et al ..24l/32 Primary Examiner--Robert L. Spruill Attomey-Michael S. Striker ABSTRACT A pair of impellers are mounted in a housing for rotation about substantially parallel horizontal axes on which one is located at a level below the other. The impellers have circumferences which define with one another a gap extending longitudinally of the axes of rotation and an anvil member of wedge-shaped crosssection is located at least in part in this gap at a side of an axial plane passing through these axes which is located downstream of this plane as seen with respect to the direction of rotation of the impellers. Material to be crushed which is carried along by the impellers into the gap thus impacts on the anvil member and becomes further crushed.

6 Claims, 1 Drawing Figure IMPACT BREAKER BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates generally to impact breakers, and more particularly to a multiple impact breaker for crushing or comminuting hard materials such as stones or the like.

From my prior US. Pat. No. 3,447,758, a multiple impact breaker is known in which a pair of impeller members rotate in the same direction about horizontal axes which are located at two different levels in a housing. Impact plates are arranged in the housing and cooperate with the impellers in such a manner that the material to be crushed and impelled by the impellers against the impact plates will rebound from the latter back to the respective impeller so that this material will at least in part be passed several times in the respective impact plate and impeller before being moved in circumferential direction of the impeller.

The impellers are rotary members which are provided with striking blades arranged uniformly spaced from each other about the peripheral surface of the respective impeller member or rotor, with the latter being of substantially cylindrical configuration.

Most of the material admitted into the housing rebounds back and forth between the plates and the respective impellers in the desired manner. A relatively small amount of, the material, however, is carried along circumferentially of the impellers, especially of the upper one, by the blades provided on the periphery thereon and is taken out of the area of effectiveness of the lower impeller. This means that these quantities of material will not be subjected to crushing or comminuting by the interaction between the lower impeller and the impact plates in the housing.

Evidently, this is undesirable because the total quantity of material admitted into the housing should un dergo equal crushing or comminution.

SUMMARY OF INVENTION It is, accordingly, an object of the present invention to provide an improved impact breaker which is notpossessed of this disadvantage.

More particularly, it is an object of the present invention to provide an improved impact breaker of the type under discussion wherein none of the material to be crushed can escape comminution by the lower impeller subsequent to the comminuting action which it has undergone from the upper impeller, that is from the one which it will contact initially on admittance into the impact breaker housing.

A concommitant object of the invention is to provide such an improved impact breaker which is simple in its construction and highly reliable.

In pursuance of the above objects, and others which will become apparent hereafter, one feature of the invention resides in an impact breaker which, briefly stated, comprises a housing having a pair of impellers mounted therein for rotation about substantially parallel horizontal axes one of which is located at a level higher than the other. The impellers have circumferences which define with one another a gap extending longitudinally of these axes, and according to the invention anvil means is located at least in part in this gap so that material to be crushed which is carried along by the upper impeller into the gap, will impact the anvil BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING The single FIGURE is a highly diagrammatic and very simplified view illustrating the embodiment of the invention.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED- EMBODIMENTS Before entering into a detailed discussion of the FIGURE, it is pointed out that for specific details of the construction and operation of an impact breaker of the type under discussion, reference may be had to my aforementioned U.S. Pat. No. 3,447,758. In view of this, I have illustrated herein only those features and details of the novel impact breaker which are necessary for an understanding of the present invention. All other features have been omitted and can be ascertained by reference to my aforementioned patent.

With this in mind it will be seen that in the FIGURE, I have diagrammatically indicated a housing H in which there are mounted two impellers or rotors identified with reference numerals 2 and 3, respectively. The construction of the impellers or rotors 2 and 3 may be identically the same as disclosed in my aforementioned patent. The rotors rotate about horizontal or substantially horizontal axes A which extend in parallelism with one another.

The arrows associated with the rotors indicate that they both rotate in one and the same direction, and reference numerals 2a and 3a respectively indicate impact members or blades provided on the circumferences of the rotors 2 and 3.

It will be seen that the circumferences of the rotors 2 and 3 define with one another a substantially wedgesh'aped gap at the lower side of an axial plane passing through the two axes A. According to the present invention, there is located anvil means in this gap in form of at least one elongated anvil member 20 of substantially wedge-shaped cross-section which extends in parallelism with the axes A and has side faces which are substantially tangential to theperipheries of the rotors 2 and 3. g

The drawing clearly shows that the anvil member 20 is so arranged that the rotor 2 will rotate past one side face and the edge 21 of the anvil member 20, whereas the rotor 3 will rotate past the other side face and the same edge 21. When material is admitted into the housing in the manner disclosed in my aforementioned U.S.

patent, it will be contacted by the plates 2a of the rotor 2 and will rebound back and forth between the housing and the rotor to be partially crushed by this rebounding. Some of the material, however, will be swept along with the turning rotor by the blades 2a thereof, into the.

gap in which the anvil member 20 is mounted. Those portions of the material which are thusly swept along are carried against the anvil member 20 in the gap and become crushed or deflected by the anvil member 20 within reach of the blades 3a of the lower rotor 3. In any case, however, the material cannot escape additional comminution after it has undergone some comminution or crushing by the rotor 2.

If particularly hard objects, for instance iron objects which occasionally may accidentally be admixed with the material to be crushed enter into the gap and are carried against the anvil member 20 but cannot be crushed thereby, they might become wedged between the anvil member 20 and the rotor 2 and thereby cause substantial damage to either or both of these elements. In order to avoid this, I currently prefer to mount the anvil member 20 not totally stationary, but for turning movement about an axis 22 which extends in parallelism with the axis A of the rotors 2 and 3. Normally of course the anvil member 20 must be prevented from turning about the axis 22, and for this purpose I provide bolts or similar members 23 which engage the anvil member 20 and a suitable stationary component for instance of the housing of a frame, and which normally prevent anvil member 20 from turning about the axis 22. These bolts or similar elements 23 are, however, so constructed that when the force or pressure exerted ,upon the anvil member 20 in a sense attempting to turn it about the axis 22, exceeds a preselected limit, the members 23 will yield and shear off, thus permitting the anvil member 20 to turn about the axis 22 and avoiding the possibility of damage to the anvil member 20 and/or rotor 2. In order to avoid damage to the rotor 3 by the turning anvil member 20, in other words to prevent the anvil member 20 from turning to such an extent that it could come into contact with the blades 3a of the rotor 3, an abutment 24 is provided which then limits thetuming movement about the axis. 22. In

the standpoint of prior art, fairly constitute essential characteristics of the generic or specific aspects of this inve tion and therefore, such ada t ti us should d are iiitended to be comprehended :vi thi h the mean i iig and range of equivalence of the following claims.

What is claimed as new and desired to be protected by Letters Patent is set forth in the appended 1. In an impact breaker, in combination, a housing; a pair of impellers mounted in said housing for rotation in a single direction about substantially parallel horizontal axes one of which is located at a level above the other and whose associated one impeller is the first to contact material admitted into the housing, said impellets having circumferences which define with one another a gap extending longitudinally of said axes; and at least one anvil member located in a lower part of said gap and having side faces one of which is located at a small distance from the circumference of said one impeller, and the other of which is located at a small distance from the other of said impellers, so that material to be crushed which is carried along by said one impeller into said gap in one direction, impacts said said one direction.

2. 'In an impact breakerasdefined inclaim, 1,

' wherein said anvil member is of substantiallywedgeaddition, the abutment 24 is also provided, for the purpose of preventing the anvil member 20 from turning about the axis 22 to such an extent that it could block rotation of the rotor 3.

It will be appreciated that various modifications of It will be understood that each of theelementsdescribed above, or two or more together, may also find a useful application in other types of constructions differing from the types described above.

. While the invention has been illustrated and described as embodied in an impact breaker, it is not intended to be limited to the details shown, since varishaped cross-section.

3. In an impact breaker as defined in claim 1; further comprising mounting means mounting said anvil member for turning movement about an axis extending in parallelism with said horizontal axes.

'4. In an impact breaker as defined in claim 3; and further comprising retaining means for normally retaining said anvil member against any turning movement, but for yielding 'in a sense enabling turning movement to said predeterminedextent in response to the exertion of predetermined pressure on said anvil means.

5. 'In an impact breaker as defined in claim 4, said retaining means comprising'at least one fixed retaining member engaging said anvil member-and adaptedto shear away when the latter is subjected to said predetermined pressure.

6. In an impact breaker as defined in claim 4; and further comprising limiting means for limiting the turnbeyond a predetermined extent. 

1. In an impact breaker, in combination, a housing; a pair of impellers mounted in said housing for rotation in a single direction about substantially parallel horizontal axes one of which is located at a level above the other and whose associated one impeller is the first to contact material admitted into the housing, said impellers having circumferences which define with one another a gap extending longitudinally of said axes; and at least one anvil member located in a lower part of said gap and having side faces one of which is located at a small distance from the circumference of said one impeller, and the other of which is located at a small distance from the other of said impellers, so that material to be crushed which is carried along by said one impeller into said gap in one direction, impacts said anvil member to become crushed thereby and is in turn impacted by said other impeller in direction opposite to said one direction.
 2. In an impact breaker as defined in claim 1, wherein said anvil member is of substantially wedge-shaped cross-section.
 3. In an impact breaker as defined in claim 1; further comprising mounting means mounting said anvil member for turning movement about an axis extending in parallelism with said horizontal axes.
 4. In an impact breaker as defined in claim 3; and further comprising retaining means for normally retaining said anvil member against any turning movement, but for yielding in a sense enabling turning movement to said predetermined extent in response to the exertion of predetermined pressure on said anvil means.
 5. In an impact breaker as defined in claim 4, said retaining means comprising at least one fixed retaining member engaging said anvil member and adapted to shear away when the latter is subjected to said predetermined pressure.
 6. In an impact breaker as defined in claim 4; and further comprising limiting means for limiting the turning movement of said anvil member from proceeding beyond a predetermined extent. 